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Bore coatings

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The contact area between the cylinder bore and the piston and its rings is of critical importance. The material and surface treatments on these components, as well as their design, affect the lubrication, friction and wear - and, as a consequence, have a direct effect on the output of the engine, not only in its absolute level but also in terms of its consistency over time. Moreover, reliability can be compromised if the wrong materials and surface treatments are chosen. Many years ago,...

Vibrations

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Any technical discussion about engine vibration generally revolves around one of two areas, namely the cranktrain and the valvetrain. In terms of the crankshaft, torsional vibrations - or rather their avoidance or mitigation - are a major concern. In these days of computer simulation, we can run analyses to study this phenomenon. For many years, however, engineers had to rely on formulae and a lot of painstaking calculations, as laid down in books such as "A Handbook of Torsional...

Split crankshafts

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The vast majority of race crankshafts that we see are made from one piece of material and are generally machined from either a billet of wrought steel, a forging or possibly a casting - certainly in the case of multi-cylinder engines this is the norm. For a substantial proportion of certain types of engine, however, it is typical to find a crankshaft assembled from a number of pieces. This is generally the case where needle-roller bearings are used for the big-end bearing. The types of...

Twin injector blending

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Most of the time many of us are quite happy with just one injector per cylinder. The complexity of EFi arrangements and the software necessary to control an engine under the wide range of anticipated conditions are complex enough without going looking for problems. But there are occasions when the one injector is not enough, say when the turndown ratio of any single injector is simply not large enough to cover the anticipated fuelling requirements of the engine. A typical example of this...

Compacted versus cracked cylinder head?

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It's widely known that Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) has a number of material properties which in certain applications make it the material of choice for cylinder blocks. So does this also apply to race engine cylinder heads and, if so, why? First let's look at some of the key criteria of a cylinder head. It has a number of functions, such as keeping gas and coolant inside, and providing the structure for assembling or bolting on other components - valve seats and guides, for...
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